The Portrait Of Stephen Dedalus - 2255 Words

The Portrait of Stephen Dedalus As life goes on, certain situations can form the way people become as adults, but our own persona has the final outcome. â€Å"A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man† communicates with readers the life of a young man named Stephen Dedalus. The young boy grew up in Ireland in the late nineteenth century. Stephen slowly climbs up to many decision-making about his own life. His Catholic faith and Irish nationality heavily influenced to guide the young boy’s life. When Stephen was a little boy, he attended a heavy religious strict boarding school. Stephen then starts attending other schools, where he grows and shines to being and incredible writer while also a student in the school theater. When Stephen encounters his first sexual experience with a young Dublin prostitute he after begins to feel shameful and have guilt in himself, so he then tries to reconcile with his faith in the Catholic Church. Stephen becomes interactive and the role model of the Catholic religion. Wh en the director of the school recommends him to consider going into the priesthood, he examines the offer. He realizes that the desire of beauty should not be oppressed nor ignored. He was then determined to free himself from all limits and decides to leave Ireland to escape and achieve a life as an artist. When the novel opens, the reader is in the mind of Stephen Dedalus, in this time he is just a little boy. He goes through childhood using his senses, feeling, touching, hearingShow MoreRelated Stephen Dedalus in James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man3169 Words   |  13 PagesStephen Dedalus in James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from flight. You talk to me of nationality, language, religion. I shall try to fly by those nets The spirit of Ireland is embodied in young Stephen Dedalus, the central character of James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Like the Dedalus of Greek myth, Stephen must grow wings so that he may fly above the tribulationsRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1038 Words   |  5 Pages(Norris 3). In his novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Joyce and his character, Stephen Dedalus, share a wide variety of similarities, all the way from childhood aspects, to challenges of adulthood. Because of these similarities, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, is considered an autobiography. James Joyce created the character, Stephen Dedalus, as a mirrored image of himself in both A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses. However, A Portrait of the Artist as a YoungRead MoreWilliam Butler Yeats And A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man951 Words   |  4 PagesSailing to Byzantium by William Butler Yeats and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce both follow the lives of a character that struggles to fit into society and because of this apparent disconnection between themselves and the rest of the culture and society they come from they are ostracized and distance themselves from the regular norms and values of society. The motive for both main characters to exile themselves and separate from the rest of society is apparent in their distasteRead MoreJames Joyces Alter Ego in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man929 Words   |  4 PagesJames Joyces Alter Ego in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Works Cited Missing In James Joyces A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus, a young man growing up, has many of the same traits of the young James Joyce. For example, On 1 September 1888, at the age of half-past-six, Joyce was taken by his parents to be enrolled in the finest Catholic preparatory school in Ireland, Clongowes Wood College, situatedRead MoreImagery Pattern of Clouds in the Portrait of an Artist by James Joyce 941 Words   |  4 Pages The Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce is widely recognized by New Critics as one of the greatest novels of its age for its aesthetic artistry. In the Portrait, a powerful autobiographical novel of bildungsroman, commonly known as a coming-of-age story, that follows the life of Irish protagonist Stephen Dedalus, Joyce portraits his momentous transition to adulthood as a passage of psychological struggle towards his ultimate philosophical awakening and his spiritual rebirth as anRead More The Esthetic Theory and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe Esthetic Theory and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man  Ã‚  Ã‚   In A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Stephen Dedalus defines beauty and the artists comprehension of his/her own art. Stephen uses his esthetic theory with theories borrowed from St. Thomas Aquinas and Plato. The discourse can be broken down into three main sections: 1) A definitions of beauty and art. 2) The apprehension and qualifications of beauty. 3) The artists view of his/her own work. I will explain how theRead MoreEssay on Bird Imagery in Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man843 Words   |  4 PagesBird Imagery in Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man The works of twentieth-century Irish writer James Joyce resound vividly with a unique humanity and genius. His novel, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, published in 1916, is a convincing journey through the inner mind and spirit of Stephen Dedalus. Portrayed with incredible fluency and realism, imagery guides the reader through the swift current of growth tangible in the juvenile hero. Above all heavy imagery in the novel isRead More Essay on Art in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man1577 Words   |  7 PagesArt in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stephen Dedalus philosophy of art, expressed in his discussion with Lynch in Chapter Five, seems essentially romantic, yet the novel is written in a very realistic mode typical of the twentieth century. This apparent inconsistency may direct us to one way of interpreting this novel. Dedalus idea of art may be Romantic, but because his world is no longer the world of the Romantics he has to see art more as a fundamental validationRead More A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesA Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus - Rebel Without a Cause? His soul had arisen from the grave of boyhood, spurning her grave-clothes. Yes! Yes! Yes! He would create proudly out of the freedom and power of his soul, as the great artificer whose name he bore, a living thing, new and soaring and beautiful, impalpable, imperishable Throughout A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Stephen Dedalus is persistently portrayed as the outsider, apart from the society he andRead MoreJane Eyre And A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1473 Words   |  6 Pages The novels Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontà «, and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, by James Joyce, both exemplify the bildungsroman style, showing the growth of the characters over the course of each book. As bildungsroman novels, both texts share elements common to the genre, such as focusing primarily on character thoughts and reactions. They also share traits like periods of character development being tied to a particular place. However, they differ in other areas like narration style

The Impact Of Culture On The Business World - 1470 Words

The Impact of Cultural Differences in the Business World The world we live in today is made up of many countries, each unique in their own way, each continually growing as they try to adapt to a rapid changing environment and economy. The way in which each country adapts to these changes relies heavily on the culture, traditions, customs and overall way of life of the given society (Wharton). When it comes to the global economy, every country has its own definition of what being successful really means and the leadership that leads to success is defined differently as well. The way in which a leader needs to adjust their strategies are dependent upon the individual culture they are working with. Within each culture, there are certain elements that can impact the success of an organization. I will be discussing what these elements are and how they can help or hinder the success of an organization. Discovering what Elements of a Culture to Examine The global economy today is made up of many nationalities and each nationality brings with them a unique culture. Part of leadership success is learning who you are working with inside the organization. When a leader is examining what strategy will work best for the organization’s goals, it is important to remember that the terms â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"success† have numerous definitions depending upon the culture in which you are defining it (Rook). Forming working relationships is just one key in unlocking effectiveShow MoreRelatedInternet Spread the Uniformity of Cultures757 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of the spread of the Internet on the uniformity of different cultures around the world Introduction With the development of Internet technology and enormous needs of networking around the world, the Internet is becoming dominant appliance in many sections such as business, communication and education. The spread of Internet in some degree has influenced uniformity of different cultures. However, cultures are not geography boundaries, they should not be considered as a result from spreadRead MoreThe Impact Of National Culture On The Administration And Hierarchical Conduct Of An Association Working1419 Words   |  6 Pages1. INTRODUCTION Business cultures vary from nation to nation because of the impact of its national society. The national culture is moulded by different variable rights from the beginning of that nation to the present day social changes. The social estimations of the countries have huge impact in the day to day life of individual and too in its cultural, economic, business and political environment. The effect of national culture on the administration and hierarchical conduct of an association workingRead MoreCase Study 2 Hollywood1665 Words   |  7 PagesInternational Business Dr. Shahrokh Dalpour November 2 2014 Case Study-Hollywood Influence on Global Culture 1. Most aspects of foreign culture, like language, religion, gender roles, and problem-solving strategies, are hard for the casual observer to understand. In what ways do Hollywood movies affect national culture outside the United States? What aspects of U.S. culture do Hollywood films promote around the world? Can you observe any positive effects of Hollywood movies on world cultures? 2. CultureRead MoreAmerican Culture And Business Culture1719 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This report consists of the issues on whether it can or cannot be argued that culture shapes the way business is done in a country. The country that is focused in this report is America. It also discusses on the major distinguishing features of American culture and business culture in comparison to current Australian culture. 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Business Law The Contractual Obligation

Question: Describe about the Business Law for The Contractual Obligation. Answer: 1. Request for tender (RFT) issued by a party for inviting tender is an invitation to treat, and not an offer by party filing RFT. When other party submit tender in response to that RFT is considered as an offer made by that party, and no contractual obligation arises until that offer is accepted by the party who invites tenders. This process was considered as traditional contractual analysis, and there is no legal relationship between the parties till the tender is accepted by the party who inviting tenders. However in some specific situations court impose legal obligation on party who mere invite tenders by filing RFT (PWC, 2016). In case Hughes Aircraft Systems International v Air services Australia (1997) 146 ALR 1, Justice Finn replaces the traditional contract analysis process in case of tender in Australia by finding that in some cases filing RFT also creates legal obligation on parties, and give rise to the contract which is legally binding (Hayford, 2006; Doyles, 2005). Whether tender is a process contract- a process contract arises when principal take steps to convey the tenderer that principal bound himself from the conditions of tender. In case process contract is arises, and principal fails to comply with the conditions mention in the RFT then it will be considered as breach of process contract. In case of breach of process contract, tenderer have cause of action against the principal in following two situations: In case, when RFT contains such terms that states that principal accept the tender which is best and lowest. In case, when RFT states any condition which is followed in tender processes and it will be considered as failure if such condition is not followed whether by principal or tenderer. Whether or not RFT is considered as process contract is depend on the terms and conditions mention in RFT, and other obligations that will impliedly or expressly accepted by the parties (Malllesons King, 2013). In the present case, university files RFT for supplies of green seeds for its surrounds, with closing date of 1st June. In its RFT University does not mention any condition which creates any legal obligation on party who inviting tenders except closing date that is 1st June. Following are the legal obligation of universities in these three tenders: In case of Greenland, they hand delivered their tender on 29th may, and they offer green seeds on the second lowest bid, but university did not mention in RFT any condition regarding lowest or best bid, and reject this tender because of rumors about its unreliability. Therefore Greenland has no cause of action against the university because no tender process contract is existed between the parties. In case of Enviro, the tender is posted on 15th may and received by university on 17th may but due to negligence of administrative assistant the offer is not put in box on time and because of that administrative officials considered only two tenders. Offer made by Enviro is the best and lowest offer. There is binding relationship between parties during pre award period in case of negligence, and principal owned duty of care towards tenderer. Therefore in this case Enviro has cause of legal action against university. In case of plant forever, university accepted the offer of plant forever but the acceptance did not conveyed to the company, and company enter into another contract. There is general rule regarding communication of acceptance that is acceptance is communicated when it is received by offeror (ACL, n.d.). We can understand this with the help of case law that is Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH. Therefore, in this case there is no binding contract between university and plant forever, and university has no cause of action against company. 2. There are number of goods and services which are exchanged through medium of contract. As per the contract law, a contract is formed when one party made an offer to another party and other party accepts that offer. It is necessary for valid contract that both parties have legal capacity to enter into a contract, both have intended to create legal relationship between them, and there must be consideration (ACL, n.d.). Many Private enterprises and government agencies sell and purchase goods and services through tender process in Australia, and before entering into a valid contract these enterprises issue request for tender (RFT). RFT is a published notice issued by the party who invites tender by the public for selling and purchasing goods by submitting the tender in accordance with the conditions stated in the RFT. RFT is not an offer it is just an invitation to treat and we can understand this with the help of case law Pratt Contractors Ltd v Palmerston North City Council. When other party submit tender on behalf of that RFT is considered as an offer made by party who submit the tender to the party who file RFT for inviting the tender, and if party accepts the offer made by party who submit the tender then it is considered as valid contract made between two parties (Trescox Lawyers, n.d.). When party call for tenders it will be considered as invitation to treat, and submission of tender is considered as an offer made by party who submit the tender. There is no legal relationship exist between parties unless principal accepts the offer. Before acceptance bidder can withdraw or amend its offer made to the principal. Similarly principal also has chance to negotiate with the bidders after receiving tenders (Clendons, 2016). There are number of obligations in tender contracts, some of them are stated below: It is the duty of the principal that he consider the tender if tenderer submit the tender on time or before the time. It is the contractual right of tenderer that his tender must be considered by the principal once if he submits it on time. It is necessary that principal treat all the tenders fairly and equally, and this is also the implied duty of principal that he fulfills all the conditions of the tender. It is an obligation of principal that he treats all the bidders in equal terms and fairly. It is the right of principal that he rejects the non compliance bids made by bidder (MAV, 2008). Legal liability in tendering process- there are number of remedies available for tenderer which gives statutory effect in tendering process. There should be fair dealing in this process and equal treatment with all bidders. This process is most difficult and crucial to deal, and this is the process through which enterprise is able to select the best service provider on terms of cost, quality and capability. It is necessary that this process is conducted in professional manner, equal, and in honest way. Industry commission fined that tender process is the key to derive benefits of contracting process. Benefits derived from contracting services by client agency and communities are depending on the effectiveness and efficiency of tendering process. If tendering process is not designed properly then this will reduce the benefits of tendering process (Parliament of Australia, n.d.). In the present case, on 1st October Footloose Pty Ltd issue notice in Daily News newspaper for selling the shoes at special discount that is $2000 for hundred pairs, and for bulk orders big discounts are available. This notice is just an invitation to treat, and not an offer. On 2nd October Famous footwear offer for purchasing 500 pair of shoes for $2000 per hundred pairs, but no acceptance is conveyed by the Footloose Pty Ltd to Famous Footwear. Submission of tender on behalf of notice issued by Footloose Pty Ltd in newspaper is treated as offer. Therefore, in this case there is no contract because no acceptance is conveyed by the Footloose Pty Ltd to Famous footwear. On 4th October James Shoes send Fax to Ms. Simon in reply of notice issued by Footloose Pty Ltd in newspaper, and states that they wish to purchase 2000 pairs of shoes on $30000 including GST and delivery. On 6th October Ms. Simon replied that Footloose will sell 2000 pairs for $ 30000 excluding delivery. James immediately replied that he want to meet to discuss following terms, and want to know the earliest delivery date. On 10th October both parties conduct discussion on telephone and agreed that James shoes would take delivery of sandals from footloose on 1st November. In this case footloose accept the offer made by James shoes on behalf of notice issued by Footloose Pty Ltd, and footloose accept the offer of James shoes. Therefore, there is valid contract between parties and both parties have legal obligation for this contract. 3. Implied contract- implied contracts can be considered as legal substitute of contracts. An implied contract is not written or spoken contract either it is an agreement which is created from the actions of the parties. In this there is neither written record nor any agreement which is verbal in nature. Implied contract is an implied warranty which is provided by law. Implied contracts and terms are implied by common law and statute. Generally in common law terms are implied. For example: the common law implies a term which requires that parties must do such acts which are necessary to perform the contract (ACL, n.d.). Usually, it is advisable to the parties that agreement must be in writing to the extent it is possible, but there are number of occasions when agreement arise between parties even there is no writing or verbal agreement between parties or there is no offer and acceptance. There are many ways through which implied agreements are arise between parties such as: When both parties showed by their actions that contract is exist between them. When both the parties did not sign any contract but they start to deal with each other in such away as there is contract enforced between them. When there is history of dealing between the two parties, then it will be considered as implied agreement on the bases of dealings or mutual understanding between the parties (Australian Government; The Treasury, n.d.). Whether agreement is implied or not is based on the circumstances. There are two types of implied contract that is implied in fact and implied in law. A contract which is implied by fact is that contract in which the circumstances implied that agreement is conducted between the parties even though there is no express agreement between the parties. For example, when patient goes to the doctor for treatment then there is implied agreement between doctor and patient that patient pay a fair price for the service, and if patient refuses to pay fees then this will be considered as breach of contract by patient. For a contract to be implied it is necessary that it must be: It is reasonable and equitable. It is necessary that contract must be efficient for the business. Contract must be so obvious that it enforced without saying. Contract must be efficient. It is necessary that expression of parties is clear (Wang, Briers, Reinecke, 2012). We can understand this with the help of case law that is Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) 185 CLR 410. Contract implied by law is known as quasi contract but this contract is not in fact contract. In the present case, Richard Anderson is a talented chemist at Cube Laboratory Pty Ltd. His contract for 5 years is due to expire on 30th June. In last week of February he received offer of job from headhunters for the chief chemists position at a rival lab. If Richard accepts this job then he has to relocate his family interstate. On 1st March Richard approached warren, the chief chemist at Cube and said that he received good offer from headhunters but he would like to stay here, and for this warren replied Richard, you are an important part of this team. Youve played a big part in our recent success and were keen to keep that going. From this sentence Richard forms an impression that cube want to extend the contract for next five years, and he reject the offer from headhunters. On 25th June Warren said Richard that because of liquidity problem cube was retrenching large number of staff and forced to retrench Richard also. Later Richard find job in a university but at fraction of salary he was earning in previous job. In this warren makes an impression from his words that he extend the contract for next five years with Richard, and this impression forms implied contract between warren and Richard. Therefore in this Richard can claim damages from cube because of this impression he reject the offer of headhunters also, and forced to work in university at lower salary. References: ACL. Agreement. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-agreement.html#acceptance. ACL. Formation. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation.html. ACL. Terms of a contract. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/scope-terms.html#implied. Australian Government; The Treasury. How is an agreement made by implication. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.treasury.gov.au/Policy-Topics/Business/Small-Business/Legal-Topics/Contracts/Agreement-making/Implication. Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH (1983). Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) 185 CLR 410. Clendson, (2016). Law of Tendering. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.clendons.co.nz/resources/background-papers/law-tendering/. Doyles, (2005). Hughes Aircraft Systems International v Air services Australia (1997). Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.mosaicprojects.com.au/casewatch/1064%20Hughes%20v%20Air%20Services.pdf. Hayford, O. (2006). Recent developments in tender process contracts. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2006/may/recent-developments-in-tender-process-contracts. Hughes Aircraft Systems International v Air services Australia (1997) 146 ALR 1. Mallesons, W. king (2003). From concept to completion: when is a request for tender actually a contract. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=1d499d4a-5fc2-4f09-a705-c0d8c7cfc2f1. MAV, (2008). BEST PRACTICE GUIDE FOR TENDERING AND CONTRACT ANAGEMENT. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: file:///C:/Users/Guest/Downloads/VCCI-Best-Practice-Guide-for-Tendering-and-Contract-Management.pdf. Parliament of Australia. The tendering process. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Finance_and_Public_Administration/Completed_inquiries/1996-99/contracting/report/c02. Pratt Contractors Ltd v Palmerston North City Council. PWC, (2016). Legal risk in the tender process. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.pwc.com.au/legal/assets/investing-in-infrastructure/iif-35-legal-risk-tender-process-feb16-3.pdf. Trescox Lawyers. Law surrounding the tender process. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.tresscox.com.au/page/our-news/newsletter/law-surrounding-the-tender-process/. Wang, S. Briers, D. Reinecke, I. (2012). Enforcing promises by implying terms in commercial contracts. Retrieved on 6th December 2016 from: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2012/december/enforcing-promises-by-implying-terms-in-commercial-contracts.

Montecarlo Simulation free essay sample

Economy is the necessity of the consumers as well as to gain the utmost credit for it. In that way our superlative innovation of â€Å"VIVO† light has its own personal history which has originated the greatest solution for the community these times. By this time, all should have been aware of the outrageous news about the ‘rising of electric bill’. One could hardly expect anyone to accept the situation. Especially people who live in areas where there’s neither electricity nor power supply. There are people who often go for adventurous trips where they are greatly in need of light. Lighting with less capacity is always not an effective way to hold the light. There lies the problem but not without a solution which is a simple one. In this situation our team had a technical advanced resource that came up with the solution. It is none other than the â€Å"VIVO†- LED rechargeable light itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Montecarlo Simulation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has the power of luminescence which will continuously last long hours. As we have just incorporated the company, the business is in the infant stage. Further we hope to identify it as legal soon 2. 2 Vision Statement â€Å"We develop the solutions beyond your expectations based on cutting edge technologies interlinked with economy and ecology. † 2. 3 Mission Statement â€Å"To be the leading integrated system and lights supplier to the global to the micro electronics industry and to offer complete energy saving solutions to customers for their lighting needs and providing total customer satisfaction with our highly innovative and cost-effective products. † 2. 4 Business Model We focus to produce one of the essential products to the customer with a standard product design and size. We have a bunch of knowledgeable and talented team to produce our initial set of production. At the mean time we target to market our products through direct marketing tool. Because we believe Door Step marketing would facilitate us to approach each and every customer individually. We mainly concentrate our product with high quality and the relationship with our customers by providing better service. Also we hope this will create a primary value for our firm. In future we hope to spread our product to Sri Lanka, island wide. 03. PRODUCT PLAN 3. 1 Features The product will be designed based on the emerging technology of Light Emitting Diode (LED). Currently the Sri Lankan market for this type of product is dominated by imported Lamps from China, which mostly contains a florescent tube lamp inside. As per the market research the problem with these type of lamps are; these will provide light usable for maximum of one hour, even if the rechargeable battery inside is charged fully for more than three hours. The main contributor for this inefficient performance is the florescent tube lamp used. This lamp will consume more power than LED lamps. And the brightness will also be lower than a five watts Light Emitting Diode (LED). The target customers of the company’s product are unable to use these imported lamps for the purpose of studying, working and adventurous travelling. So their needs will be satisfied with this product since the proposed product will be designed by using large number of LEDs and a rechargeable battery which is compatible and portable. It is efficient to the extent that, it will provide more hours lighting with the charging time of only few hours and more charging time will increase the usage time. . 2 Key Attributes Company is planning to incorporate two functions in the product using the LED units. That is the unit will have an Active mode and a Bright mode for convenience of the user. Bright mode: This mode is the differentiating feature of the company’s product from other lamps. This is where the unit will be supplied with more power, to the extent that the LEDs will function with its full capacity. So the lamp can be used for studying, cooking or travelling in night purposes. Active mode: This is where the Light emitting diode will be supplied with low power using a small circuit with a help of a switch. This will result in the lamps, emitting light at a lower capacity than its full capacity. This mode can be used to place the lamp in a hall area where you don’t need too much bright. This will significantly reduce the power consumption and increase the operating hours of the unit while the durability of the LED will improve and the battery life will also increase. 3. 3 Enhancements The firm is planning to enhance its product to the extent that, it will charge itself using solar panel technology. Currently the firm is unable to incorporate this technology, because it is not having sufficient financial aid. But once it is established in the market place it will be possible to get additional bank loan or any other sources of financing. Then the firm will be able to produce more number of units with additional features. After the incorporation of this new technology the product may be subject to a price revision and this may increase the piece. The product is made up with light emitting diodes, this means that there is low probability that this unit will fail due to the failure of this LEDs. But the riskier part is the rechargeable battery, where the average life of a battery is around two years, so that in order to be more cautious, company is expecting to give a one year warranty for its customers. 3. 4 Product Strategy The opportunity identification suggests that, the people who suffer with the increased electricity tariffs and who are trying to reduce their electricity expenses are expecting some other forms of lighting. On the other hand there are certain areas of the country that do not supplied with the power by the electricity board, in order to carry out the native’s chores. So this Market Gap analysis helped the emergence of the efficient rechargeable LED lamps. Initially the target segment of the firm is the consumers who live in the North and in the up country of Sri Lanka as the company has small distribution channels to market the products in these areas. After wards within the next three years it will expand the target market and company will sell the product to at least 50% of the consumers in Sri Lanka covering Eastern, Western, Sabaragamuva, Central and Uva Provinces. Currently the product strategy is to produce the rechargeable LED Lamps which could be used for lighting purpose at houses, working places and for travelling purposes. But in future after establishing the product in the market place it will use a product mix which will include more technological products such as solar power lights and etc. The product is differentiated to attract customers, through its unique feature of brightness which could be used to light and cover a vast area (more than 500 square feet) and the efficiency where the power saved for half an hour can be used for more than five hours. The current products in the market are less efficient and it cannot be used for the purpose of lighting a vast area, as most of the products related to this technology are small portable torch lights. The major risk of introducing a technological product is the emergence of new technologies. So company should be aware of the emerging new technologies and based on the consumer requirement, a continuous Line extension, Market Development, Product Development and Diversification strategies will be required to succeed in the business. According to this, it has planned to introduce a self charging unit in the forth coming periods. The introduction time of this new product will not be defined at present, in order to avoid product proliferation. 3. 5 Benefits of the Product The objective behind the firm’s strategy is to make business that satisfies the customers who do not have proper and adequate electricity facilities in their region. So the target customers are the people who are in the remote areas, mainly in hill countries and north and eastern province. Based on the preliminary study conducted, on target customers, it was identified that the main concern is lack of electricity facility and the amount of money that they can afford to obtain electricity facility through other means. The following benefits of the company’s product will full fill the above requirements and it is believed that, this is a competitive advantage of the firm compared to the other players in the industry. ? Compatibility and convenience: The product is designed with the intention that the users should be able to carry it easily where ever they go. So the weight of the unit will be less and the size is also reduced up to the maximum. ? Expensiveness: The product incorporates the emerging new technology of LED. This has helped the company to substantially reduce the production cost. So the final output of the product will be priced in accordance with the market price, while the firm can also reduce the distribution cost, import expense and intermediation cost. Because when a company import and sell a product, the producer, distributer and ultimately the importer has to make profit from the same unit. So the product normally will have more selling and distribution cost than the manufacturing cost. This huge disadvantage is purely eliminated from our product because it is a Sri Lankan product. So in this context the company will set the price well below the market price. So the customers can get a good quality product at a lower cost. ? Efficiency and durability: The main competitive advantage of the product is the efficient use of the product that is 30 minutes of recharge ime will enable the user to operate the unit for 300 minutes, which is comparatively high usage when comparing with other similar products in the industry. The other benefit is that we have incorporated two options to satisfy the customer needs, which is bright mode and active mode. This will further enhance the usage. ? Warranty claims: The Company will provide a one year warranty for the product. That is our company will bear all the repair and maintenance expenses of the product which is returned to us within one year from the sales date. It increases the reliability of the product among customers. ? Customer Support: In this industry normally after sales services are not a popular facility provided by the producer. So the company has planned to provide technical support to customers after the sales regarding the usage and warranty claims. This will be done through the telephone conversation and through the business agents. So this service provides an additional comfort with the company’s product. 3. 6 Trade Secrets and Patent Rights This is a very important area to be considered. But the firm is protected in this area because according to the initial market research there are very few Sri Lankan companies producing this type of products by importing the partly finished components and doing the latter part of the production (Assembling) in Sri Lanka. So there is no direct competitor for the firm in the current context. Bur the product may face Reverse Engineering in future. But this type of risks is common in this business area, so it is very difficult to protect this. But if the marketing team of the firm communicate the customers clearly, then it will be easier to promote the original products. The firm is sure that it has unique knowledge and skills about its product and the business, so this is the strongest competitive advantage of the firm and, it may not disclose it to others. As many would expect, this approach has its own issues like disclosure requirement, but many ventures have competed successfully this way. 3. 7 Stage of Development The product is in the prototype stage and the company has successfully completed the previous two stages of conceptual and design stages. It will be ready for marketing once it has started the business activities. And it is possible for the firm to grab the first mover advantage of this type of LED technology. 04. MARKET AND INDUSTY ANALYSIS Industry analysis and market analysis are two different ways to look at the environment in which a business competes. Although related, these two types of analysis differ in their scope. The purpose of the market and industry analysis is to identify the market opportunities for our product, LED rechargeable lights. LED lights are the next generation of lighting solutions which going to emerge in coming years. Therefore there will be a good opportunity for our product in future. 1. Market Analysis In todays technological world, we find a challenging and ever-expanding marketplace for almost any product or service. The role of the market analysis is to help guide the process of better understanding of the most important market segments, how fast the opportunity is growing, what are the key sustainable differentiations and why are these important. In this section we are going to discuss the following components: †¢ Target market segment strategy †¢ Market needs †¢ Market trends †¢ Market segmentation Overall market The lighting industry is in the early stages of shifting away from established technologies – fluorescent, incandescent, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lighting – toward light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Adoption rates of LED lighting are expected to grow in the coming years as the efficiency and quality of LEDs surpass those of competing technologies and as the price is low. Not only the quality and low price of LED rechargeable lights, people not having the comfort of using the electricity, especially like a country like Sri Lanka, also makes way for us to make a market appearance. Our market would be mainly based on North and central provinces as those areas have no regular and proper supply of electricity. Over the past few years the market for LED rechargeable lights has shown a growing trend and it is likely that the current trend will continue. Future development of the northern and eastern provinces may decline the demand for LED rechargeable lights in those areas as they may get the regular supply of electricity. But the increase in the price of electricity makes the market opportunity for LED rechargeable lights outshining as more people opt for cheap lighting systems. In future, growth in the market for LED rechargeable lights is highly anticipated and it will be made possible by rapidly decreasing LED prices, ever-increasing efficiencies and improved quality of light. Therefore the revenue is expected to increase and the future looks bright for LED rechargeable lights in the coming years. Addressable market Although our overall market covers northern, eastern and central provinces our main focus would be on the rural areas of these provinces, where there is no electricity facility or the supply of electricity is interrupted often. People who are in search of a way to minimize their cost for electricity will be also included in our addressable market. Segmentation We have identified our market segment as follows, †¢ Groups of customers: Our main customers would be people who have no regular access to electricity, low income earners and people who want to minimize their spending on electricity. †¢ Geography: First we would introduce our product in the local market giving more attention to northern, eastern and central provinces. †¢ Product features: Our LED rechargeable lights give more brightness with less power consumption. Benefits: Saves power, money and time. †¢ Prices: Our strategy would be cost leadership. We would produce the lights at a very low cost, add a profit margin to that and price our product at a low price. †¢ Distribution channel: We would distribute our product using direct distribution methods. There won’t be any intermediaries in our distribution chain. Entry point Our main target is to cater the people who have no electricity and people who are in search of an alternative to fulfill their need for light, with a proper lighting system. This would become an entry point for us as there are many people in Sri Lanka searching for a proper lighting system. And the recent hike in electricity prices has made many people seeking for a cheaper electricity solution as our product is cheap and power saving, this opportunity would pave the way for us to enter the market. 2. Industry Analysis Industry analysis is a vital part of the decision-making process in a business. A comprehensive industry analysis helps to take an objective view of the underlying forces, attractiveness, and success factors that determine the structure of the industry. Understanding the businesss operating environment in this way can help to formulate an effective strategy, position the business for success, and make the most efficient use of the limited resources of the small business. We are going to discuss the following sections in the industry analysis: †¢ Industry Description †¢ Industry Trends †¢ Industry Size and Attractiveness †¢ Profit Potential †¢ Target Market †¢ Competitive Position Industry analysis on LED Rechargeable Light The industry for LED rechargeable lights is very small with few manufacturers, therefore the competitors of our proposed product would be less and as a result of this, it is possible enter easily and cater the market need with cost effective, efficient solution. Another significant advantage over the product is there are no other manufacturers in Sri Lanka, who produce LED rechargeable lights. The prevailing competitors compete mainly on price and the technologies used by the competitors are relatively similar. The degree of competition is lower in the industry therefore the probability of success is comparatively higher for a new entrant in this market. Industry organization Majority of LED Rechargeable lights available in Sri Lanka are produced in Japan, China, Taiwan and India and there are few small assemblers in Sri Lanka. The products are mainly distributed via supermarket channels, LG Abans, Singer and small retail electronics shops and distribution is extensively made in main cities such as Colombo, Kandy, Galle suburban areas. There is less number of distribution points in Northern and Central Province and only the customers in the capital city are purchasing LED rechargeable lights. Value is created to the proposed product via operations, sales and marketing, service and usage of advanced technology. The competitive firms mainly use the above value adding activities to improve profit margin. Competitive Environment The competitive firms compete mainly on price and quality, and the introduction of new products is in a lower rate. Products are differentiated from one another mainly based on the number of LED bulbs used in light and priced accordingly. Customer support is given in the mean of quality warranty; in average one year service warranty is given by the competitive firms. Number of firms prevail in the market is very few, since the degree of rivalry is also low. A new entrant should compete mainly based on Quality (efficiency), Price (cost effective), and service excellence (Warranty) in order to survive and to attract more customers in the market. Since the market is dominated by imported goods the response to new entrants is slow and LED rechargeable lights are not sold many dealers in Sri Lanka. Market is highly fragmented and the competitors are traditional and old. There is high demand for Nippon products but its price extensively higher than other similar products The problems faced by the target customers due to the competitors’ products are a. Since the distribution channel is not well established in the target customers’ geographical area (Northern and Central Province), it is difficult for the customer to find the dealers to repair the product if any fault is identified in the product. b. Similar products available in the market are less efficient in case of electricity consumption (high electricity consumption when charging), charging life is lesser than mentioned in the product catalogue, and the power is lesser than expected. c. Price of the product is high and the target customer segment find it difficult to purchase LED rechargeable light even though they have a need of it. Barriers to Entry When a new venture enters into the LED rechargeable lights industry it has to mainly face the following barriers from its competitive forces. a. Competitors such as Nippon, Kanchen are well established firms in the international market and equipped with advanced technologies therefore these firms will enjoy economies of scale and at the initial stage our firm has to incur comparatively more costs for technology, product designing and manufacturing. Therefore at the initial stage product efficiency and manufacturing efficiency is vital. b. There are some well established brands in the market and customers are loyal to those brands but the price of those brands are relatively higher therefore target customers may not be able to afford that higher price. c. Distribution channel of the product is not well established in the target geographical area therefore there are no competitors who have control over the channel. d. Switching cost for the proposed product relatively higher since the current market price of the competitors’ product. Even though there is an opportunity for the new entrants since the distribution channel of existing products is not reached to the target customer segment. Control over industry Competition of LED rechargeable lights are mainly based on price therefore pricing should be made in the way of value adding and it is important to set price lower than industry average. The bargaining power of customers is higher since they prefer cost effective solution. Suppliers of the raw material have more power since at the initial stage the production volume is low therefore it is difficult to obtain discounts from the supplier by bargaining. Competitive advantage can be gained only through effective production process. Existing competitors are mainly using indirect channels to distribute; it would be successful if proposed product adopts direct means of distribution. Competition prevailing in the industry. There is no aggressive competition in the market and proposed product is the pioneer locally produced product in the industry. The direct competitors in LED rechargeable light industry are Nippon, Kanchan and Orbit and few small importers. a. Nippon LED Rechargeable Lights Nippon LED rechargeable lights are the products of Nippon Electric Company (NEC), Japan. It is a well reputed brand in Sri Lanka and the products are imported by Nippon Lanka (pvt) Ltd. The distribution of products made via its showroom in Bambalapitiya and through super market chains (Arpico, Keells Super), customers are loyal to the product since they perceive it has good quality than the products available in the market. Nippon Lanka doesn’t have sellers in the Central and Northern Province. b. Kanchan Rechargeable Lights Kanchan is an Indian product and price is relatively cheaper than Nippon but the technology used by Knachan is different since the major technology used is Fluorescent Bulbs and these bulbs are comparatively inefficient than LED. The main mean of distribution is online selling and it is not reached in the rural areas of Sri Lanka. c. Orbit Star LED Rechargeable Light Orbit Star is a product from Orbit and it uses online selling as a major source of distribution to reach the target customer (www. anything. lk and www. topshop. lk), the accessibility of internet is poor in Central and Northern Province. Indirect competitors of LED rechargeable light would be the producers of Solar Power Lights, Kerosene, Dynamo, Bio gas but the above substitutes are inefficient and expensive than proposed product. Future potential competitors would be the producers who are using advanced technologies such as NANO and OLED. Opportunity Based on the market and industry analysis there is a need for efficient, environmental friendly, cost effective, environmental friendly LED rechargeable lamp especially in Northern and Central Province. The weakness of the competitors will be used as an additional feature in order to capture the market via prevailing opportunities.